eISSN: 2081-2841
ISSN: 1689-832X
Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy
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5/2019
vol. 11
 
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abstract:
Case report

Clinical evidence of abscopal effect in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with diffusing alpha emitters radiation therapy: a case report

Salvatore Roberto Bellia
1
,
Giacomo Feliciani
2
,
Massimo Del Duca
1
,
Manuela Monti
3
,
Valentina Turri
4
,
Anna Sarnelli
2
,
Antonino Romeo
1
,
Itzhak Kelson
5
,
Yona Keisari
6
,
Aron Popovtzer
7
,
Toni Ibrahim
8
,
Giovanni Paganelli
9
,
Ignazio Stanganelli
10

  1. Department of Radiotherapy, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
  2. Department of Medical Physics, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
  3. Biostatistics and Clinical Experimentation, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
  4. Medical Direction, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
  5. School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel
  6. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, Israel
  7. Department of Radiation Oncology, David of Cancer Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Israel University, Tel Aviv, Israel
  8. Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center CDO-TR, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
  9. Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
  10. Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
J Contemp Brachytherapy 2019; 11, 5: 449–457
Online publish date: 2019/09/20
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Purpose
Alpha particle treatments could enhance the probability of an immune response, which can lead to abscopal effects (AE). We report a case of a patient affected by multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). After the treatment with diffusing alpha emitters radiation therapy (DaRT) of one lesion, an AE was observed on at least two distant ones.

Material and methods
We investigated a case of a 65-year-old female patient with multiple synchronous lesions of the skin of lower limbs confirmed by a biopsy. Patient was enrolled in a clinical trial N.CTP-SCC-00 (NCT03015883), with the objective to assess effectiveness of DaRT technique. DaRT is based on the insertion of locally 224Ra-loaded seeds in a clinical target volume (CTV). Treatment plan with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was used to entirely cover the CTV. Follow-up and biopsy evaluations were employed to outline the patient outcome.

Results
We performed seeds implantation according to the Paris system. At 28th day, an evident lesion shrinkage with a persistent minimal area of hyperkeratosis was noted. 76 days after implantation, a complete remission of the treated lesion was observed and an evident reduction of the area with two more distant lesion, which could be associated to an immune-mediated response. One year after the treatment, a complete remission of treated lesion was observed as well as spontaneous regression of untreated distant ones.

Conclusions
In this study, we reported evidences of an AE in cSCC stimulated by radiation and possibly mediated by immune system. In the next DaRT treatments, our intent is to monitor T-lymphocytes variations in peripheral blood in order to demonstrate indirect activation of the immune system mediated by radiation also in patients with solitary lesions, in which, by definition, an AE cannot be observed.

keywords:

alpha particles, abscopal effect, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, brachytherapy

 
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